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光明文化周末：母亲的厨房******

　　作者：李秀萍

　　冬日，乡下人家的厨房，烧火做饭的热气和寒气交融在一起，雾气缭绕。清晨，我在睡眼惺忪之时听到锅碗瓢盆相互触碰的声响，就知道母亲已经在厨房的一片雾气中准备早饭了。

　　我们家的厨房是母亲的厨房。母亲似乎永远都精力充沛地在厨房里忙碌着，为全家人准备一日三餐。她的厨艺谈不上精湛，但她总是力所能及地满足着全家人的口腹之欲。我品尝过天南海北的许多美食，但偏偏钟情于寻常食物——母亲蒸的馒头，烙的油饼。

　　母亲蒸的白面馒头特别好吃，尤其是刚出锅的。母亲迅捷地揭开锅盖，馒头便赫然呈现在眼前，白白胖胖，热气腾腾。她捡出热馒头，双手来回倒换着放在小篮筐里。我忍不住抓起一个放到嘴里，嚼起来面香浓郁。一些馒头下面没有屉布，面团膨胀时直接穿过蒸笼的小孔，出锅后馒头下面便有了很多小凸起。我就喜欢吃小凸起，挨个揪着吃。

　　母亲烙饼时我爱到厨房帮忙——帮着往灶膛里添柴。柴不能随便添，玉米秸秆或是稻草秸秆要轮换着添，还要控制好数量，以保证大铁锅温度适宜。母亲烙饼我添柴，我配合得恰到好处。新出锅的油饼让我垂涎，油汪汪，香喷喷，既酥脆又松软。母亲烙饼的手艺在亲戚中是出了名的，但她还是会问我好不好吃，我嘴巴忙着吞咽，顾不上说话，只能点头。

　　小时候最喜欢除夕那天厨房里煎炒烹炸、热气腾腾的景象。平时不下厨的父亲登台亮相，一展身手。香气透过门缝飘出来，我和弟弟悄悄溜进厨房，看见父亲手拿一把勺子，动作夸张地翻炒着，锅里腾起一股油烟。母亲在灶下添柴，不时地递酱油，递白糖，递醋，递盐……两人呼来唤去，又转来转去，厨房里仿佛有千军万马的喧嚣。弟弟馋得厉害，不时询问什么时候开饭。

　　雏鸟终会长大，在广阔的天地间独自飞翔。我和弟弟也有了自己的家，自己的生活。从此，母亲的厨房沉寂了许多。只有节假日时，全家齐聚一堂，厨房里才会重现昔日生机勃勃的景象：大铁锅里炖着肉，电磁炉上煨着汤，煤气灶上炒着菜。我们在厨房里各自施展厨艺，母亲在一旁看着，时不时地告诉我们各种调料的位置。她心里应该很快乐吧。我从年少到现在，母亲和我说的许多话——那些鼓励的话、劝慰的话，大多是在厨房里我们一起做饭时说的。

　　后来，母亲在我家帮我看护孩子多年，于是，我家的厨房也成了母亲的厨房。母亲识字不多，但并不缺少生活智慧，说话做事讲究分寸，她通常征求我们的意见为孩子准备食物，也为我们准备可口的饭菜。有时下班晚了，疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，在昏黄的暮色中，望见家里的厨房亮着灯，便不由得加快了脚步。待我推开家门，厨房里正飘出饭菜的香气，还未等我坐定，母亲已经把饭菜摆在了餐桌上。

　　母亲从一个厨房辗转到另一个厨房，交付了全身心的热忱，使得她常常忘记自己，也从不觉得单调乏味。她把厨房当作自己的道场，演绎着她的情感与责任，她只希望她的孩子们能够积蓄力量，如鸟儿般从地面一跃而起，翱翔在生活之上。母亲的生活是简单的，又是丰富的；是狭窄的，又是辽阔的。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月06日 15版）

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.